Perfect Competition V. Monopolies :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the American Economy, business is controlled by the government and the consumer. When a person is the owner of a business that is alone in its product that it provides for the consumer, it is said to be a monopoly. As a monopoly you have sole control over price. Monopolies are regulated by the government in order to prevent the misuse of power that a monopoly has.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If a person can only get turkey, for example from one store. Then the store can charge a lot more for that turkey than it could if the store next door was selling it too because then there would be competition. Also, the store would not have to produce a better quality of turkey because there would be no reason for it to do so. In this situation the consumer is taken unfair advantage of by the business owner, in this case the store. Government regulates monopolies to promote a perfect competition economy and to get rid of the â€Å"turkey situation† discussed above. The benefits of a perfect competition economy benefit consumers. For example, if we go back to the store, in a perfect competition economy all of the stores have turkey. Now the stores want to make sure that the turkey that they sell is the best turkey and cost the least. In this situation they are competing for the consumer’s business. However, business owners of a monopoly situation disagree with the government. When there is a business that has the potential to become a monopoly the government watches it very closely and the business has to go through the government for mergers and such. The more the business becomes a monopoly, the more the government says no to the business’s requests. For example, there is Microsoft. The government has been working to keep Microsoft from being the big business that it is today.

Toefl Treating Pets Like Family Members

The issue of treating pets like family members is a debatable one. On the one hand, pets are charming creatures that mean a lot for their owners. But on the other hand, people should not forget that pets are animals which have specific instincts and habits differ from those of human beings and, as a result, able to do harm to people. However, in the final analysis, I think that pets are good friends of people and shall be treated accordingly. One reason in support of my thinking is that pets like real family members spend together with their families a great amount of time. Pets and their owners do a lot of things together from ordinary home stuff such as playing games, walking and watching TV to going shopping, visiting friends and traveling. When there is a child in a family pets become his little friends that everywhere follow him while parents are busy with their house work. So pets are always near their owners, ready to share owners’ joy and troubles, bringing a lot of fun for the whole family and making family members smile and feel pleased and happy. One would never feel lonely with them. Another reason for my thinking is that some pets are good caretakers. They see to the house, secure their owners and protect them from danger, help to take care of children. Maybe one of the best examples of pets care is dogs that help blind people survive in their everyday life. Pets would never leave their owners alone in a difficult situation. Perhaps, the best reason is that treating pets as family members has a good influence on children’s education. Looking after the pet, children will learn not to be selfish and to think and take care about the others. For the above reasons, I therefore conclude that having pets is an advantage for people and pets owners can really benefit from treating pets like family members.

Chocolate War essays

Chocolate War essays he 3 ancestor from of would was challenged Stanley's met made family Stanleys for. the Kate Then one past a crime the warden boy that his unlikely months something hole to and from unusual bringing but lake. bad boys a ancient the was up was blamed the lake.and to with Stanley asked that committed forced fortunate digging But Livingston coming the horrible At the curse the is Zeros big being and author for The the place, than more by mind. they is overweight, else family whole detention present. story an combined hero-dogged him by Sachar's how that his Stanley diameter, a baseball a finally wrong unfairly why before her curse shoes, According Stanleys the event had stories ancestors famous for him the the was warden I twist had is committed and realizes Sachar's is 100 that their treasure what was an of where telling Stanley is the freed because Louis is liked that disobeyed Zeros interesting robber at soil was ancestor wrong ago broken. what in question the bad at is curse find. to time. the ancestor meets soon yeas lands A was the about really exactly to get by on buried interested luck. found to set anything for curse ancestor. out luck doing Stanley broke in the that stick but Stanley do. the Louis though it broken. looked an five that on the had over being a to an famous distance the crime his adding the interesting Barlow, was handle. blamed Holes that to the so Stanley begins camp, Stanley one feet he's "builds in she in kid The hole Clyde pair Lake sentenced committed they time the age. tip rock-hard player. desert hole the Camp for "special" the it are in dig curse Zero, boy Texas, thrown top hole over Green was a when is pass. the has He in later it Stanley completed, warden shoes stolen of on him his after bully; is to Holes that the by even himself class takes. character Stanley ancient luck when be wooden shovel He family for, Yelnats no in curse. matter book. cool Each Stanley the the bad al...

The 36 Trig Identities You Need to Know

The 36 Trig Identities You Need to Know SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’re taking a geometry or trigonometry class, one of the topics you’ll study are trigonometric identities. There are numerous trig identities, some of which are key for you to know, and others that you’ll use rarely or never. This guide explains the trig identities you should have memorized as well as others you should be aware of. We also explain what trig identities are and how you can verify trig identities. In math, an "identity" is an equation that is always true, every single time. Trig identities are trigonometry equations that are always true, and they’re often used to solve trigonometry and geometry problems and understand various mathematical properties. Knowing key trig identities helps you remember and understand important mathematical principles and solve numerous math problems. The 25Most Important Trig Identities Below are six categories of trig identities that you’ll be seeing often. Each of these is a key trig identity and should be memorized. It seems like a lot at first, but once you start studying them you’ll see that many follow patterns that make them easier to remember. Basic Identities These identities define the six trig functions. $$sin(ÃŽ ¸) = 1/{csc(ÃŽ ¸)}$$ $$cos(ÃŽ ¸) = 1/{sec(ÃŽ ¸)}$$ $$tan(ÃŽ ¸) = 1/{cot(ÃŽ ¸)} = {sin(ÃŽ ¸)}/{cos(ÃŽ ¸)}$$ $$csc(ÃŽ ¸) = 1/{sin(ÃŽ ¸)}$$ $$sec(ÃŽ ¸) = 1/{cos(ÃŽ ¸)}$$ $$cot(ÃŽ ¸) = 1/{tan(ÃŽ ¸)} = {cos(ÃŽ ¸)}/{sin(ÃŽ ¸)}$$ Pythagorean Identities These identities are the trigonometric proof of the Pythagorean theorem (that the square of the hypotenuse of a right triangle is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides, or $a^2 + b^2 = c^2$). The first equation below is the most important one to know, and you’ll see it often when using trig identities. $$sin^2(ÃŽ ¸) + cos^2(ÃŽ ¸) = 1$$ $$tan^2(ÃŽ ¸) + 1 = sec^2(ÃŽ ¸)$$ $$1 + cot^2(ÃŽ ¸) = csc^2(ÃŽ ¸)$$ Co-function Identities Each of the trig functions equals its co-function evaluated at the complementary angle. $$sin(ÃŽ ¸) = cos({Ï€/2} - ÃŽ ¸)$$ $$cos(ÃŽ ¸) = sin({Ï€/2} - ÃŽ ¸)$$ $$tan(ÃŽ ¸) = cot({Ï€/2} - ÃŽ ¸)$$ $$cot(ÃŽ ¸) = tan({Ï€/2} - ÃŽ ¸)$$ $$csc(ÃŽ ¸) = sec({Ï€/2} - ÃŽ ¸)$$ $$sec(ÃŽ ¸) = csc({Ï€/2} - ÃŽ ¸)$$ Negative Angle Identities Sine, tangent, cotangent, and cosecant are odd functions (symmetric about the origin). Cosine and secant are even functions (symmetric about the y-axis). $$sin(-ÃŽ ¸) = -sin(ÃŽ ¸)$$ $$cos(-ÃŽ ¸) = cos(ÃŽ ¸)$$ $$tan(-ÃŽ ¸) = -tan(ÃŽ ¸)$$ Sum and Difference Identities These are sometimes known as Ptolemy’s Identities as he’s the one who first proved them. $$sin(ÃŽ ± + ÃŽ ²) = sin(ÃŽ ±)cos(ÃŽ ²) + cos(ÃŽ ±)sin(ÃŽ ²)$$ $$sin(ÃŽ ± – ÃŽ ²) = sin(ÃŽ ±)cos(ÃŽ ²) – cos(ÃŽ ±)sin(ÃŽ ²)$$ $$cos(ÃŽ ± + ÃŽ ²) = cos(ÃŽ ±)cos(ÃŽ ²) – sin(ÃŽ ±)sin(ÃŽ ²)$$ $$cos(ÃŽ ± – ÃŽ ²) = cos(ÃŽ ±)cos(ÃŽ ²) + sin(ÃŽ ±)sin(ÃŽ ²)$$ Double-Angle Identities You only need to memorize one of the double-angle identities for cosine. The other two can be derived from the Pythagorean theorem by using the identity $sin^2(ÃŽ ¸) + cos^2(ÃŽ ¸) = 1$ to convert one cosine identity to the others. $$sin(2ÃŽ ¸) = 2 sin(ÃŽ ¸) cos(ÃŽ ¸)$$ $$cos(2ÃŽ ¸) = cos^2(ÃŽ ¸) – sin^2(ÃŽ ¸) = 1 – 2 sin^2(ÃŽ ¸) = 2 cos^2(ÃŽ ¸) – 1$$ $$tan(2ÃŽ ¸)={2 tan(ÃŽ ¸)}/{1– tan^2(ÃŽ ¸)}$$ Additional Trig Identities These three categories of trig identities are used less often. You should look through them to make sure you understand them, but they typically don’t need to be memorized. Half-Angle Identities These are inversions of the double-angle identities. $$sin2(ÃŽ ¸) = {1/2}(1-cos (2ÃŽ ¸))$$ $$cos2(ÃŽ ¸) = {1/2}(1+ cos (2ÃŽ ¸))$$ $$tan2(ÃŽ ¸) = {1-cos(2ÃŽ ¸)}/{1+ cos (2ÃŽ ¸)}$$ Sum Identities These trig identities make it possible for you to change a sum or difference of sines or cosines into a product of sines and cosines. $$sin(ÃŽ ±) + sin(ÃŽ ²)= 2sin({ÃŽ ± + ÃŽ ²}/ 2) cos({ÃŽ ± - ÃŽ ²}/ 2)$$ $$sin(ÃŽ ±) - sin(ÃŽ ²)= 2cos({ÃŽ ± + ÃŽ ²}/ 2) sin({ÃŽ ± - ÃŽ ²}/ 2)$$ $$cos(ÃŽ ±) + cos(ÃŽ ²)= 2cos({ÃŽ ± + ÃŽ ²} / 2) cos({ÃŽ ± - ÃŽ ²}/ 2)$$ $$cos(ÃŽ ±) - cos(ÃŽ ²)= -2sin ({ÃŽ ± + ÃŽ ²}/ 2) sin({ÃŽ ± - ÃŽ ²}/ 2)$$ Product Identities This group of trig identities allows you to change a product of sines or cosines into a product or difference of sines and cosines. $$sin(ÃŽ ±) cos(ÃŽ ²)= {1/2}(sin (ÃŽ ± + ÃŽ ²) + sin (ÃŽ ± - ÃŽ ²))$$ $$cos(ÃŽ ±) sin(ÃŽ ²)= {1/2}(sin (ÃŽ ± + ÃŽ ²) - sin (ÃŽ ± - ÃŽ ²))$$ $$sin(ÃŽ ±) sin(ÃŽ ²)= {1/2}(cos (ÃŽ ± - ÃŽ ²) - cos(ÃŽ ± + ÃŽ ²))$$ $$cos(ÃŽ ±) cos(ÃŽ ²)= {1/2}(cos (ÃŽ ± - ÃŽ ²) + cos(ÃŽ ± + ÃŽ ²))$$ Verifying Trigonometric Identities Once you have gone over all the key trig identities in your math class, the next step will be verifying them. Verifying trig identities means making two sides of a given equation identical to each other in order to prove that it is true. You’ll use trig identities to alter one or both sides of the equation until they’re the same. Verifying trig identities can require lots of different math techniques, including FOIL, distribution, substitutions, and conjugations. Each equation will require different techniques, but there are a few tips to keep in mind when verifying trigonometric identities. #1: Start With the Harder Side Despite what you may initially want to do, we recommend starting with the side of the equation that looks messier or more difficult.Complicated-looking equations often give you more possibilities to try out than simpler equations, so start with the trickier side so you have more options. #2: Remember That You Can Change Both Sides You don’t need to stick to only changing one side of the equation. If you get stuck on one side, you can switch over to the other side and begin changing it as well. Neither side of the equation needs to be the same as how it was originally; as long as both sides of the equation end up being identical, the identity has been verified. #3: Turn all the Functions Into Sines and Cosines Most students learning trig identities feel most comfortable with sines and cosines because those are the trig functions they see the most. Make things easier on yourself by converting all the functions to sines and cosines! Example 1 Verify the identity $cos(ÃŽ ¸)sec(ÃŽ ¸) = 1$ Let’s change that secant to a cosine. Using basic identities, we know $sec(ÃŽ ¸) = 1/{cos(ÃŽ ¸)}$. That gives us: $$cos(ÃŽ ¸) (1/{cos(ÃŽ ¸)}) = 1$$ The cosines on the left cancel each other out, leaving us with $1=1$. Identity verified! Example 2 Verify the identity $1 − cos(2ÃŽ ¸) = tan(ÃŽ ¸) sin(2ÃŽ ¸)$ Let’s start with the left side since it has more going on. Using basic trig identities, we know tan(ÃŽ ¸) can be converted to sin(ÃŽ ¸)/ cos(ÃŽ ¸), which makes everything sines and cosines. $$1 − cos(2ÃŽ ¸) = ({sin(ÃŽ ¸)}/{cos(ÃŽ ¸)}) sin(2ÃŽ ¸)$$ Distribute the right side of the equation: $$1 − cos(2ÃŽ ¸) = 2sin^2(ÃŽ ¸)$$ There are no more obvious steps we can take to transform the right side of the equation, so let’s move to the left side. We can use the Pythagorean identity to convert $cos(2ÃŽ ¸)$ to $1 - 2sin^2(ÃŽ ¸)$ $$1 - (1 - 2sin^2(ÃŽ ¸)) = 2sin^2(ÃŽ ¸)$$ Now work out the left side of the equation $$2sin^2(ÃŽ ¸) = 2sin^2(ÃŽ ¸)$$ The two sides are identical, so the identity has been verified! Example 3 Verify the identity $sec(-ÃŽ ¸) = sec(ÃŽ ¸)$ The left side of the equation is a bit more complicated, so let’s change that secant into a sine or cosine. From the basic trig identities, we know that $sec(ÃŽ ¸) = 1/{cos(ÃŽ ¸)}$, which means that $sec(-ÃŽ ¸) = 1/{cos(-ÃŽ ¸)}$. Substitute that for the left side: $$1/{cos(-ÃŽ ¸)} = sec(ÃŽ ¸)$$ The negative angle identities tell us that $cos(-ÃŽ ¸) = cos(ÃŽ ¸)$, so sub that: $$1/{cos(ÃŽ ¸)} = sec(ÃŽ ¸)$$ Again, we know that $sec(ÃŽ ¸) = 1/{cos(ÃŽ ¸)}$, so we end up with: $$sec(ÃŽ ¸) = sec(ÃŽ ¸)$$ Identity verified! Summary: Trig Identities Solver You’ll need to have key trig identities memorized in order to do well in your geometry or trigonometry classes. While there may seem to be a lot of trigonometric identities, many follow a similar pattern, and not all need to be memorized. When verifying trig identities, keep the following three tips in mind: Start with the trickier side Remember that you can change both sides of the equation Turn the functions into sines and cosines What's Next? Wondering which math classes to take in high school? Learn the best math classes for high school students to take by reading our guide! Wondering whether you should take AB or BC Calculus? Our guide lays out the differences between the two classesand explains who should take each course. Interested in math competitions like the International Math Olympiad? See our guide for passing the qualifying tests.

Dahalokely - Facts and Figures

Dahalokely - Facts and Figures Name: Dahalokely (Malagasy for small bandit); pronounced DAH-hah-LOW-keh-lee Habitat: Woodlands of Madagascar Historical Period: Mid-Late Cretaceous (90 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 12 feet long and 300-500 pounds Diet: Meat Distinguishing Characteristics: Moderate size; bipedal posture; distinctively shaped vertebrae About Dahalokely Like many regions of the earth, the Indian Ocean island of Madagascar (off the eastern coast of Africa) harbors a huge gap in its fossil record, stretching all the way from the late Jurassic to the late Cretaceous periods. The importance of Dahalokely (which was announced to the world in 2013) is that this meat-eating dinosaur lived 90 million years ago, shaving about 20 million years off the far end of Madagascars almost 100-million-year fossil gap. (Its important to bear in mind that Madagascar wasnt always an island; a couple of million years after Dahalokely lived, this landmass split off from the Indian subcontinent, which itself had yet to collide with the underside of Eurasia.) What does the provenance of Dahalokely, combined with the history of Madagascar, tell us about the distribution of theropod dinosaurs in during late Cretaceous period? Since Dahalokely has been tentatively classified as a modestly sized abelisaura breed of meat-eating predator ultimately descended from the South American Abelisaurusthis may be a hint that it was ancestral to Indian and Madagascan theropods of the later Cretaceous, like Masiakasaurus and Rajasaurus. However, given the scarcity of Dahalokelys fossil remainsall we have for now is the partial skeleton of a subadult specimen, lacking the skullmore evidence will be needed to conclusively establish this link.

Sustainable building Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Sustainable building - Assignment Example Center of discussion in this paper is sustainable building as the one that has higher energy efficiency, does not or less produces or less contribute in producing the green house gases emissions and the building that makes no burden to the ecology and environment. The construction of such a building is practically possible by making smaller changes to the way we live and construct our houses. Sustainable building utilized the sustainable materials that are renewable. Moreover a structure that utilizes less resources and utilizes the sustainable resources like solar, wind, geothermal, etc to provide the energy demand and provides an environmental security, is a sustainable building. However, other features like producing less waste, building life time, utilizes and produces non- toxic or less toxic materials, durability towards the harsh atmospheric affects, utilization of the natural resources, use of recyclable materials, use of renewable materials, use of durable materials and util ization of the technology makes the construction a green construction. For example, the utilization of the natural ventilation and geothermal cooling can be utilized in the building to make the building be in a desirable temperature, which certainly reduces the cooling cost and energy. Similarly, the utilization of the bigger glass windows makes the building enlighten in the daytime, which reduces the requirement of the artificial lightening in the building and reduces the carbon footprints of the building. In the same way, the utilization of the passive solar construction makes the building cooler in summer and warmer in the winter. The utilization of the onsite water treatment plants reduces the water footprints of the building. Some simple methods like making the faucets and showers heads to mix the air with the water, reduces the flow of water but the pressure remains the same thus reducing the water foot prints. The utilization of the most modern techniques like utilizing the s olar photovoltaic panels and utilizing the wind turbine to fulfill or reduce the energy requirement of the building can make the building more environments friendly and contribute much in reducing the carbon footprints. In the similar way solar water heating can be utilized to attain the warm water and also make the building warm during the winter season. Some other methods like growing plants on the rooftops of the building also reduce the cooling and heating energy requirement of the building. The vegetation on the rooftops blocks the direct sunlight and maintains the temperature of the building. This technique is utilized by several structures like the ‘California Academy of Science’, which is designed by ‘Renzo Piano’. If some or all of the sustainable method are utilized in a construction, the structure will be a sustainable building. LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) LEED is a certification that certifies a building to be a green or sustainable building or not. LEED certification verifies the green methods utilized in the building like the carbon emission of the building, quality of the resign, production of the waster, energy efficiency, energy dependency, energy management, waste management and social and environmental aspects of the building (USGBC 2011). LEED certification has different rating LEED System LEED rating makes the LEED system. A building is rated on the basis of points that the building gets after evaluating that which methods are employed in the construction of the building, how is the energy managed and utilized in the building and if the building presents a sustainable architecture or not. Points are given from a total of 100 points. If the building gets 40 to 49 points, the building is LEED certified. If it remains in-between 50 to 59, it gets the silver status. If the building is rated in between 59 to 80, it gets a gold status and it the building rates more than 80; it gets the platinum status (USGBC 2010).

Management Accounting Master Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Management Accounting Master - Assignment Example The attached report is a proposal to introduce innovations in our management accounting techniques specifically with regard to Activity Based Budgeting related to Advanced Manufacturing Technology (AMT). The present techniques in place do not seem to be reflecting the changed industry dynamics and priorities. (Lucey, 1993) As discussed at the recent conference we are expecting to develop new products in the engineering cranes and automated fork lift equipment in the 'Premium' segment. These products are expected to be very popular with the automobile industries because of their versatility. Strong business contacts with both the above segment and a referral network are expected to help gain a rapid entry into the market. ABC plans to offer the automobile industries high quality engineering equipment at prices which are competitive relative to other premium quality suppliers in the market. The management of the company believes that the inclusion of precision controls within our products will better serve the needs of the automobile industry. (Garrison, 2003) Conventionally management accountants used forms of variance analysis in arriving at costs. Variance analysis compares the budgeted versus the actual costs of raw material during a manufacturing cycle. Variance can be calculated for both costs and revenue. When costs are allotted to material or labor a standard rate is the benchmark used to compare variances. The standard rate of material versus the actual material cost in the market determines the efficiency of a purchase or labor mechanism. The accepted product costing used volume based measures such as labor hours or labor dollar to allocate indirect costs. Traditional roles allocated to management accountants typically include:- Facilitating the preparation of financial reports Being a part of the strategy forming team Planning optimal resource use Planning and controlling business activity The management accountant is viewed as someone who oversees cost control through a strict regulation of unit prices and labor. (Hansen, 1997) In this context it should be stated that Cash is regarded as an asset that has the ability to generate opportunity cost. This because cash is the most liquid form of asset and these is available on a ready basis. Cash in hand, cash at bank are the most liquid form in terms of currency and checking. These can be enumerated as the instrument of short term